Man and Nature in Norman Macleans book, Young Men and Fire Essay

Man and Nature in Norman Maclean's book, Young Men and Fire Norman Maclean's book, Young Men and Fire, recreates the tragedy of the Mann Gulch fire. His ambition to have this lamentable episode of history reach out and touch his readers triumphs in extolling the honor and respect deserved by the thirteen smoke jumpers who died. This book is a splendid tribute to the courageous efforts of such men, as well as a landmark, reminding mankind to heed the unpredictable behavior and raw power of nature. Deep in the midst of the Mann Gulch valley in Montana, above the densely wooded forest and below the towering precipices lies the fast-burning cheat grass, home to twelve of the thirteen dead smoke jumpers. The smoke jumpers were an elite group of the United States Forest Service's firefighters compiled in 1940, and their mission was to parachute from the open sky down unto the fires to extinguish them before they became too large. Triggered during a lightning storm the previous day, the Mann Gulch fire didn't pose a threat until the afternoon of August 5, 1949, when the thermostat reached its summertime peak and the various crosswinds from the three surrounding rivers began to whirl and swell up the fire. Before the big "blowup" occurred, the smoke jumper crew was dropped down unto the fire led by their foreman Wag Dodge to quench the fire's thirst. The recapitulation of events which Maclean embarks the reader on traces the perseverance, endurance, and fortitude of the crew as they raced for life against the ever-raging wall of fire roaring behind them. Maclean utilizes various fragments of factual interviews, personal observation, theoretical fire science, and his own distinct exploration to compose this "factual fabricati... ... its ashes, and as the biblical phrase goes, "ashes to ashes, dust to dust" Dodge literally was resurrected from a certain death. Maclean wanted to know so much, each detail, in order to reconstruct the tragedy. It is remarkable how his determination to "tell this story" sustained him over the fourteen years he devoted to this project. Maclean writes like a true master. His story creates its own rhythm, and the reader is captivated by his masterful storytelling. He retells the same strain of thoughts, with slight variations on his theme, much like the repetitiveness of a musical composer's refrain. Maclean's "Young Men and Fire" makes the reader vicariously experience the inexplicable pain and suffering of the crew and relatives. In this respect, Maclean has forever engraved this misfortune into my mind, and through this magnificent tale, the dead live on. Â  

Violence in Public School

Your Name Instructor/Professor’s Name Course Date Violence In Public Schools Perhaps, one of the most pressing concerns affecting not only the educational sector, but the entire society, is the rising violence in schools. Indeed, there’s no question that school-related violence is one of the gravest threats that any government will have to face. In fact, the U. S. is just one of the dozens of countries plagued by this social ill. With easy access on guns and knives, schools—students and teachers, specifically—have been placed at a more precarious condition.Thus, it is no longer surprising if shooting spree, sexual assault, and stabbing incidents continue to headline the newspapers around the world. Such is the alarming rate of violence in what was once considered the haven of safety and sanctuary of morality that parents, students, and policymakers have to brave. In general, violence in U. S. schools, plus the government’s failure to prevent— let alone eliminate—even in the presence of new initiatives specifically intended for this purpose, has turned out a huge cause for concern that needs to be addressed no sooner than later.No student or teacher for this matter should ever suffer from violence inside the classroom, playground, school cafeteria, or even while on his way to or from school. But the truth does not speak of the same. As the rate of school violence continues to escalate year by year, so does the disruption of the learning process, degradation of the students’ and teachers’ morale, and the spread of fear not only in the school but in the community in general.Aside from the immediate negative impact, school violence could also give birth to youth violence, which could stem to more diverse concerns in criminality, peace and order, and public health and safety. In this paper, we will try to delve the degree of school violence and how dangerous it is not only to wither the integrity of the U . S. school system, but also to rock society as well. In the present condition where the government seems too powerless enough to put this social crisis to an end, it is safe to say that school violence is indeed a force to reckon, a substantial shaker that will definitely cause the failure of schools in general.Data Reveal the Alarming Rate of School Violence Numerous studies have been conducted to assess the real impact and the degree in which school violence has really affected the school system. Data from the US Department of Education show disturbing figures. Between 2003 and 2004, it was revealed that 1 out of 10 teachers in urban schools admitted receiving threats from students. Between 2005 and 2006, almost 40 percent of public schools had at least one case of school violence. In 2007, 23 percent of students admitted that gangs existed in their schools.The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (series 4) reveals that according to the results of a nationwide survey in 20 07 among students from grades 9 to 12 show that almost 6 percent of students did bring guns, knives and other types of dangerous weapons inside the school. Furthermore, almost 8 percent of students were threatened, harassed, or injured by these weapons. Meanwhile, 12 percent of the respondent-students admitted that they had been involved in physical fights inside the school.A more disturbing note revealed that most than 22 percent of students sold, used, and were offered and given illegal drugs right inside the school. Nonfatal assaults are also rampant inside the school. The Department of Education reveals that in 2006, on a national level, 3 out of 100 students are actively participating in school-based crimes, which included rape, assault, and theft. Bullying is even a more serious cause for alarm. More than one-third of the entire student population had been victims of bullying, 4 percent of them being bullied online or through text messages.This stems to a more violent personal ity as bullied students have more chances of getting engaged into fights, psychological trauma and dropping out of school. Likewise, The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (33-36) reveals that school violence-related deaths continue to escalate on a yearly basis. Although on an average rate, 1 out of 100 students die due to violence inside the school, still, such cases are too much to ignore, since NO death, especially violence-related must ever occur inside the campus. Since 2003, more than 115 students have been killed in almost 110 incidents.On a yearly basis, that translates to 17 students dying from homicide. Anderson et al (2695) reveals that school-associated violence and deaths occur â€Å"before and after the school day and during lunch,† while cases of violence are more likely to occur at the onset of the semester (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Violent, 657). Half of recorded homicide cases show that perpetrators actually reveal some sort of war ning signal before they attack their victims. These include making a threat or leaving a note before the crime occurs (Anderson et al, 2695).Risk Factors Leading to Violence in Schools School violence does not exist simply because they have to exist. There are numerous underlying factors that trigger the occurrence of numerous conditions that give rise to this case. In fact, experts, researchers and lawmakers agree that there is a deeper root that that gives life to these occurence. According to the Constitutional Rights Foundation, among the risk factors affecting school violence include: â€Å"weapons, media violence, cyber abuse, the impact of school, community, and family environments, personal alienation,† (crf-usa. rg) among others. Access to Weapons. The late 1980s and early 1990s saw the rapid increase in the rate of gun accessibility among teens in the United States. As more teenagers owned guns, thus, the rise of gun deaths and injuries (crf-usa. org). A study condu cted by Bergstein et al (794-8) in Boston and Milwaukee shows that that 42 percent of students who responded revealed that â€Å"they could get a gun if they wanted, 28 percent have handled a gun without adult knowledge or supervision, and 17 percent have carried a concealed gun†¦. This claim was backed by data provided by the University of Southern California School of Medicine, which reports that around 35% of U. S. households with children 18 years old and below are reported to have owned at least one firearm, which â€Å"translates to more than 11 million children living in homes with firearms† (crf-usa. org). Furthermore, teens can also acquire handguns in illegal sales, as â€Å"American gun shows continue to be a venue for illegal activity, including unlicensed sales to prohibited individuals† (Bergstein et al, 794). Violence Caused by Media. The Constitutional Rights Foundations (crf-usa. rg ) reveals that an average American child will have witness 8,000 murders and 100,000 violent acts by time he reaches 7th grade. That’s because of television. Time and again, claims have been made and studies have been conducted to really test the truth behind the impact of television in inculcating wrong values to a child. According to the Anderson et al (81), â€Å"violent television and films, video games, and music reveals unequivocal evidence that media violence increases the likelihood of aggressive and violent behavior in both immediate and long-term contexts. Although certain characteristics exhibited by viewers, such as identification of aggressive characters), parental guidance and other social factors, as well as the content of the media could make or break the effect of media violence. These also count the the degree of aggression instilled in the viewer’s personality. Cyber Bullying. Anderson et al (83) write that high school students are more exposed to violence in video games, thus, they show â€Å"more pro-violent attitudes, had more hostile personalities, were less forgiving, believed violence to be more normal, and behaved more aggressively in their everyday lives. † However, Sherry (msu. du ) reasoned out that the â€Å"overall effect of these games on aggressiveness does not appear great† to warrant significant attention. School Environments. A survey conducted by the Children's Institute International revealed that more than half off teenage population living in rural, suburban, or urban areas all agree that schools are becoming more and more violent in the passing of time. School-based Gangs. The National Center for Educational Statistics, as quoted by the Center for Mental Health in Schools at UCLA (2), reveals that in 2005, â€Å"24 percent of students ages 12-18 reported that there were gangs at their schools. Nevertheless, no difference was observed with regards to reporting gang presence among rural and suburban students. Communities. Aside from the negligence in the school and in the home, communities also show neglect in children, which is another reason for hastened occurrence of school violence. Furthermore, a community’s unresponsive attitude â€Å"to the needs of families and their children [†¦could] develop into school violence [†¦given that] [a]fter-school and summer programs are not always available† (crf-usa. org). Family.The family, which should have been highly responsible in shaping a child’s mind to become upright and law-abiding, are also the one the blame of the deterioration of the values and attitudes among teenagers. As parents neglect their duty to rare their child with positive attitudes, â€Å"children may develop negative–and often violent–behavior patterns† (crf-usa. org). But more than providing room for negative values to grow, irresponsible and abusive households also impede a child’s growth and maturity. Thus, as observed, some of the most aggressive teenagers show signs of poor communication skills and low self-esteem.And since children have no parental role models to look up to, they would tend to focus their attention on popular culture, no matter how violent or aggressive it nature may be. The lack of support from the family and community therefore poses burden on schools, as it turns out that they are the only social institution left to â€Å"educate, shelter, and discipline children,† (crf-usa. org). Nevertheless, this task serves too tasking as â€Å"most schools have difficulty playing multiple roles as educators, surrogate parents, social service, or law-enforcement agencies†( crf-usa).Violence Is Becoming Widespread in Schools With all these research and information laid on the table, it is therefore too difficult to ignore the fact that school violence is bound to impair the country’s education system. Lack of funding and support from state and federal governments, plus neglect on the part of communities a nd families, eventually prove too much for educators to bear the task of educating, disciplining and imparting positive attitudes to students.Thus, it could be deduced that â€Å"violence and danger are constant companions for America's schoolchildren† (McClusky, cato. org) While state and federal documents reveal that school violence has been heading towards the slump since the advent of the 21st century, researchers believe that these information are misleading, as administrators and government officials are actually negligent and blind enough to make the problem known. Journalists are quick to point out the discrepancy of assessments. McClusky (cato. rg) revealed a Denver Post article that uncovered a widespread â€Å"under-reporting of violent incidents in Denver-area schools–under-reporting that occurred despite the presence of a state accountability system designed to identify dangerous schools. † What’s went wrong is the fact that in the entire Col orado, as well as well as in other states, a lot of schools tend to under-report violent incidents. Furthermore, Chicago Tribune in McClusky (cato. org) reported negligence on the part of law enforcers in Illinois to warn school districts whenever â€Å"convicted juvenile sex offenders enroll in their schools.Many failed to notify principals in the mistaken belief they were not permitted to alert them, when in fact they were required to do so† (cato. org). Another mistake on the part of the government is the poor process of collecting and gathering data, reveals Modzeleski in McClusky (cato. org). When the law regarding this issue was enacted in 2001, it was revealed that quite a good number of school districts have gathered sufficient data to provide accurate records regarding school violence, although there were also school districts who failed on this. Impact of Violence in Public SchoolsThere’s really no question that violence in schools have profound effect not ju st in the education system, but in the entire aspect of American life. As schools are disturbed by violence, the effect is felt by students through poor education, low self-esteem and other debilitating factors that could affect not only their professional career, but other facets of their lives, as well. â€Å"It is intuitively obvious and consistent with an ecological perspective that crime and violence in settings in which youth live and attend school pose a poor context for academic involvement and performance,† explains Bowen & Bowen (321).Indeed, violent and aggressive behavior displayed by students at school could mean poor academic performance, which could directly or indirectly hamper the teaching and learning process. Based on the observations made by Lochman, Lampron, Gemmer, & Harris (339), we can conclude therefore, that aggression and violence do not only hamper the individual’s academic performance, but the â€Å"negative impact [could also extend] on t he education of their classmates by diverting their teachers from teaching and reducing the amount of time students are engaged in learning† (339).In Garbarino & Abramowitz (17), we discovered that the â€Å"risks to development can come from both direct threats and the absence of opportunities for development. † Aside from classroom performance, the impact of school violence also reaches to the physical side. Pollack, in the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (cdc. gov), reveals that â€Å"a number of students seek medical care for nonfatal, violence-related injuries. Some of these injuries are relatively minor and include cuts, bruises, and broken bones.Other injuries, like gunshot wounds and head trauma, are more serious and can lead to permanent disability. † But injuries extend deeper, more than what the eye can see, actually. The Center for Disease Control (cdc. gov) reveals that constant exposure to violence not only in school, but also at home and in the neighborhood, could result to different negative health, psychological and even mental outcomes to a person. This could include depression and anxiety, which could trigger fear in going to school and other negative effects to an individual’s life.A 2007 survey by CDC (cdc. gov), shows that almost 6 percent of high school schools in the entire country nationwide did not go to school â€Å"on one or more of the 30 days before the survey† (cdc. gov) was conducted for fear of danger and harm â€Å"at school or on their way to or from school† (cdc. gov). Thus, for this reason, the rate of absences has risen from 1993 and 2005. Furthermore, Pollack (cdc. gov) revealed that around â€Å"160,000 students go home early on any given day because they are afraid of being bullied. † ConclusionAll the records are one and the same in revealing that violence in the school is indeed a cause for alarm for everyone. According to the Indiana State University (indiana. edu), the past fifteen years saw a distressing rate in the increasing of youth violence in schools. Worst, both the culprits and the victims are getting younger and younger. What is sad and disturbing about this situation is that school officials themselves show little interest in curbing the criminality within their campus. They either fail to record the incidence or are negligent nough to inform higher officials and law enforcers about this. Furthermore, law enforcers themselves seem half-hearted in waging an all-out campaign against school violence. Even state and federal governments seem not to care at all. That is why, it is pretty irritating to note that government officials are proud to hail that school violence has either stabilized or spiraled downwards, even if every day, televisions and new papers keep on trumpeting for what really is the truth—incidents of shooting, stabbing, robbery, or rape right within the school campus.Thus, we can really conclude that at thi s point, schools are not really safe. They are in fact, at their most dangerous—among the riskiest places, ever, for students and teachers be. As revealed by Indiana State University (indiana. edu): â€Å"National level data suggests that middle and high schools, especially larger schools, are more at-risk for serious violence. Moreover, students in urban schools serving predominantly lower SES minority children remain twice as likely to be victims of violence as students in suburban, town, or rural areas.In addressing the tragic incidents that have occurred recently in suburban and rural schools, it is critical that the more ongoing and severe problems of lower SES urban schools and students not be forgotten or ignored. † All these data, figures and studies have their significant effect on our schools and in society as a whole. Indeed â€Å"what we do in our schools on a day to day basis in terms of discipline may be related to serious crime and violence† (indi ana. edu). Thus, each of us is partly to blame for what is happening. And as we are part of the problem, so, too are we parts of the solution.And while comprehensive programs and tightened security are implemented to improve the atmosphere inside the school and reduce the violence, we may say that, really, only time could tell what the future holds for our country’s educational system. References Anderson, C. A. , Gentile, Douglas A. , Burkley, K. E. Violent Video Game Effects on Children and Adolescents: Theory Research and Public Policy. New York: Oxford University Press; 2007, 83. Anderson, Craig A. et al. The Influence Of Media Violence On Youth. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 4 (3); 81.Anderson, M. , Kaufman J. , Simon T. R. , Barrios L, Paulozzi L, Ryan G, et al. School-associated violent deaths in the United States, 1994-1999. JAMA 2001; 286 (21):2695-702. Bergstein J. M. , Hemenway D. , Kennedy B. , Quaday S. , Ander R. Guns in young hands: a survey of urban teenagers' attitudes and behaviors related to handgun violence. Journal of Trauma. 1996 Nov; 41(5):794-8. Bowen, Natasha K. , Bowen, Gary L. Effects of Crime and Violence in Neighborhoods and Schools on the School Behavior and Performance of Adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Research, Vol. 14 No. , July 1999, 321-23. Center for Mental Health in Schools at UCLA. Youth Gangs and Schools. Los Angeles, CA: 2007. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. School-associated student homicides-United States, 1992-2006. MMWR 2008;57(02):33-36. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Temporal variations in school-associated student homicide and suicide events – United States, 1992 -1999. MMWR 2001;50(31):657-60. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance—United States, 2007. Surveillance Summaries, June 6, 2008. MMWR 2008;57(SS-4).Constitutional Rights Foundation. Causes of School Violence, no date. Retrieved from http://www. crf-usa . org/school-violence/causes-of-school-violence. html. Department of Education. Indicators of school crime and safety: 2008. NCES 2009-022. Department of Education and Justice (US); 2009. Washington (DC): US Government Printing Office. Garbarino, J. , Abramowitz, R. H. (1992). The ecology of human development. In J. Garbarino (Ed. ), Children and families in the social environment (2nd ed. , pp. 11-33). New York: Aldine de Gruyter. Jamieson, A. , Curry, A. Martinez, G. School enrollment in the United States – social and economic characteristics of students. Department of Commerce (US), Census Bureau (US);1999. Washington (DC): US Government Printing Office. Kachur, S. P. , Stennies, G. M. , Powell, K. E. , Modzeleski, W. , Stephens, R. , Murphy, R. , et al. School-associated violent deaths in the United States, 1992 to 1994. JAMA 1996;275(22):1729-33. Lochman, J. E. , Lampron, L. B. , Gemmer, T. C. , & Harris, S. R. (1987). Anger coping intervention with aggressive children:A guide to implementation in school settings.In P. A. Keller& S. R. Heyman (Eds. ), Innovations in clinical practice: A source book (Vol. 6, pp. 339-356). Sarasota, FL: Professional Resource Exchange. McCluskey, N. Violence in Public Schools: A Dirty Secret. School Reform News: 2005, June 1. Retrieved from: http://www. cato. org/publications/commentary/violence-public-schools-dirty-secret Olweus, D. Bullying at school: what we know and what we can do. Malden (MA): Blackwell; 1993. Pollack, W. Real boys: rescuing our sons form the myths of boyhood. New York (NY): Henry Holt and Company, LLC; 1998.

The Extraordinary Benefits Of Divorce - 1385 Words

The Extraordinary Benefits of Divorce In the world today, countless men and women believe divorce is always a dreadful thing that occurs, but there is actually a beneficial side to it. Divorce has been around for several years and mainly just men were the only ones capable to make the decisions. According to The Guardian, the 1857 Matrimonial Causes Act allowed ordinary people to divorce. Under this new law, it was capable for women to make the decision, they just had to prove the facts to withhold a divorce such as, alcoholic addiction and abuse. Following 1857, in 1923 there was a private member’s bill that allowed women to petition for a divorce for adultery. However, they were still required to prove why they were petitioning. Some†¦show more content†¦Dragon states that, â€Å"The AMT system also prohibits a number of deductions that are permitted in the regular tax system, affecting various married couples and children.† As stated, you can see that taxes are a large financial burden during marriage. In 2008 a couple was debating to divorce due to the weak economy and the AMT system. There was a yearly income of $220,000 and also owned several rental properties. During the year of 2007, over 40 percent of their income was taxed off. Divorcing would separate their two incomes, making tax deductions much lower. While taxes are a large problem, financial aid can be a nuisance too. College expenses affect the whole family due to college cost of attendance skyrocketing year after year. When it comes to filing the FAFSA, being married places both parent’s incomes together, making it harder to receive better college aid from FAFSA. Dragon states, â€Å"Parents that have divorced should only report the income of the parent whom the child spends the most time with, as long as the other parent does not reside in the same home.† Doing so, will only leave one parent’s income on the application, potentially helping the child receive greater financial aid. Financial burdens are detrimental for families, and getting a divorce can help lighten such burdens. In addition, the personality of a human is often theShow MoreRelated Islamic Versus Christian Marriage Essay1500 Words   |  6 PagesThere are many laws in the Muslim world surrounding marriage. Women do not inherit as much as men do, and women lost many other rights as well. Another writer states, For example, as soon as the Islamists in Iran came to power they took three extraordinary steps. 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Define Business Ethics and Explain why Ethics are Important in Business - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1302 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Ethics Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? Define business ethics and explain why ethics are important in business. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Business ethics are moral principles that guide the way a business behaves. The same principles that determine an individualà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s actions also apply to businessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . [[1]] Behaving in an ethical way involves distinguishing between à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“correctà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“incorrectà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  and then making the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“correctà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  choice. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Define Business Ethics and Explain why Ethics are Important in Business" essay for you Create order Business ethics are implemented in order to ensure that a certain required level of trustexists between different participants involved in business activity. It is the behavior that a business adheres to in its daily dealings with the world. The business ethics differ from business to business. It relies on core values and standards of business. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Business ethics are implemented in order to ensure that a certain required level of trust exists between consumers and various forms of market participants with businessesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . [[2]] The business ethics in any organization used to conduct business can affect the reputation, productivity and bottom line of the business. Hence they are critical to any business. In some companies business ethics might be overlooked because of other priorities like profit, innovation etc to be considered. However, business ethics has huge impact on the existence of business operation. Business ethics can help to create a positive ima ge of the company and hence to grow business further. For example, a positive and healthy corporate culture boosts the morale among employees in the company. This might eventually increase productivity and reduce attrition rate. In business ethics, it must be ensured that employees complete work with honesty and integrity. Employees who use business ethics to guide their behavior to stick to employee policies and rules while trying to meet the goals of the organization. Business ethics which meet standards for quality in their work, can enhance the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s reputation for quality products and service. Therefore increasing customerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s base. Practicing business ethics can attract investors to invest in companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s business. It will help to keep companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s share price high and thereby protecting business from any takeovers. Companies which recognize the importance of business ethics will need to spend less protecting them selves from internal and external behavioral risks. Also business ethics ensure sustainability in business and help in achieving long term profits. Sustainability lies its base on ethical long term vision of the company. On other hand, violating business ethics can cause serious damage to image to the company and eventually existing customers to leave. Over time, business ethics might come back to the company as high employee morale, high customer loyalty and better public image. Explain how business ethics applies in a university setting. Provide an example of unethical behavior at the university level from a student perspective and what you would do to address it. Students studying in university are future of the country. They are the pillars of any countryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s future. Hence students should be taught business ethics from childhood level. Student should complete their assignment on their own, than securing any help from others. This is one of example of business ethics in university to be followed. Business ethics help to inculcate core values in students. These values are required when working as professional. Some of these business ethics are integrity, honesty, morality. In case of doubts, student should consult professors or teaching assistant than copying assignment. Students should be prompt to ask doubts. Any delay in this, can cause delay in submission of assignments as well. An easy way to do this, active participation in classroom discussion. Also its studentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s responsibility to complete assignments on time. Practicing plagiarism in university campus is quite common example of unethical behavior fr om studentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s side in university level. Plagiarism is defined as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Plagiarism is presenting someone elseà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s work or ideas as your own, with or without their consent, by incorporating it into your work without full acknowledgement. All published and unpublished material, whether in manuscript, printed or electronic form, is covered under this definition. Plagiarism may be intentional or reckless, or unintentional. Under the regulations for examinations, intentional or reckless plagiarism is a disciplinary offence.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [3] Plagiarism can be of 5 types namely: i) Complete plagiarism ii) Near- complete plagiarism iii) Patchwork plagiarism iv) Lazy plagiarism v) Self plagiarism[4]. Plagiarism kills originality and candid nature of any work. Students who do plagiarism will tend to kill their thinking ability and eventually originality in any work. This will affect in long run in life. Also due to plagiarism, people with novel idea s donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t get rewarded for their work, which is very unfair. Another example of plagiarism would be writing answers in the book in an open book test. This is very unethical behavior. Students write exam to test their knowledge. Cheating in this way, is not going to help in any way. They might gain good marks in one of the exam, but knowledge would still be lacking and they would not be amongst potential students. To stop plagiarism at university level, business ethics must be taught from childhood. Parents and teachers at school level should inculcate core values like morality, honesty, integrity in students. However, its sole responsibility of students to learn values and practice them in real life. Students should taught the importance of business ethics is not just in university but at professional level also. Professors can remind students of business ethics and can give one warning. But if same thing is practiced again and again, student should be punished to make him/her realize their mistake. In university level, if people around appreciate students for following business ethics can help some students to continue following business ethics. Also proctors should keep a watch on students who do cheating in the exams, so they are caught and no innocent should be suffered. In short, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The best way of avoiding plagiarism is to learn and employ the principles of good academic practice from the beginning of your university career. Avoiding plagiarism is not simply a matter of making sure your references are all correct, or changing enough words so the examiner will not notice your paraphrase; it is about deploying your academic skills to make your work as good as it can be.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [5] Explain the concept of integrity in relation to business ethics, its importance to you and why integrity is important now and in your future career. Integrity can be defined as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the quality of being honest and having strong moral principles; moral uprightnessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . It is one of the core values in business ethics. Developing integrity in school and university level will not only help to produce better projects, gain in depth understanding of the subject, but will also lay intellectual foundation for future career. Breaching institutionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s policies is equal to breaking trust of an individual. By dishonesty student would not gain any necessary skills, but would be holding back academic development. Integrity plays major roles in any individualà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s professional and personal life. Violating integrity would benefit some for short term, but in long term it would always be huge loss. In personal life, person not following integrity will not get true friends. In professional life, also such individuals cant progress much in their career. As its rightly said à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ Success will come and go, but integrity stays foreverà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . If you lose trust of any person, it is very difficult to gain again. Trust is very crucial in any case, it can give unlimited opportunities to any trustworthy person. For example, on basis of trust an individual can refer another individual in organization to help secure a job. [1] https://businesscasestudies.co.uk/anglo-american/business-ethics-and-corporate-social-responsibility/what-are-business-ethics.html#axzz3WmJD1SRx [2] https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/business-ethics.asp#ixzz3WmhQ5C1P [3] https://www.ox.ac.uk/students/academic/guidance/skills/plagiarism [4] https://gethelp.library.upenn.edu/guides/engineering/ee/plagiarize.html [5] https://www.ox.ac.uk/students/academic/guidance/skills/plagiarism

The Israelites Worship And Prayer - 1373 Words

The Israelites worship and prayer can be divided into four different periods of time. The first period is associated with the patriarchs; the second describes Yahweh’s faith under Moses, the third from the temple of Solomon, and finally the period of exile. Temple worship was a key element in prayer for the Hebrews. The Book of Genesis mentions how Abraham built shrines near Hebron, and Ali. Abraham’s son, Isaac, worships at the same place and Jacob made a memorial with a stone for Yahweh. There were many ways of worship through the temple. Since there was no actual prove of his image, people created artworks of different divine images and shared them with each other to show their loyalty to Yahweh. At the temple, people would offer food, clothing to the statues of the God’s in the temple. Music was another way to show the love for Yahweh. Music uses lyrics to praise and bless Yahweh. It brings everyone together in the temple. Sacrifices were another way to promote the covenant. A sacrifice, as defined by Boadt, is the transference of property from the profane to the sacred realm. People living in Israel were farmers and herders so people tended to think of gifts for God in agricultural terms, livestock and crops, but the death of animals itself was not as important as its sacrifice of its life carrying blood. Sacrifices like these were seen as a sign of peace and loyalty, but could also be for a sin offering. People wanted Yahweh to forgive them for their mistakes andShow MoreRelatedA Study On Ancient Israelites And The Rise Of Christianity1640 Words   |  7 Pages My initial perspective on ancient Israelite religion was what I was taught in church. In fact, in church, the pastor put less emphasis on Ancient Israelites themselves and more emphasis on Christians. For me, when I thought of Israelites I thought of only a small segment of the bible. I thought of the group of people trapped in Egypt kept as slaves. Coming into Intro to Old Testament class, I assumed the class would be nothing more than a lecture about everything I had already learned in churchRead MoreWhat Does The Bible Mean?1553 Words   |  7 PagesOur worship, our clapping real hard, and even our believing in God does not make Him more or less of who He is. So what is worship then? Is it music? Singing songs to a divine being? Is it taking part in the sacraments of the Christian church? Why are there numerous disputes or differences of opinions about â€Å"how† to worship? The word worship itself is labeled as a noun and is defined as the feeling or expression of revere nce and adoration for a deity. But if a biblical definition of worship is toRead MoreTrace the Development and Change in the Place of Worship Where the Children of Abraham and Israel Worshiped. What Is the Origin of the Synagogue?1595 Words   |  7 PagesSo we can say that the beginning of worship started first with sacrifice Since the sacrifice is practice of worship. which we can see in the Genesis 4:3-4(And in process of time it came to pass, that Cain brought of the fruit of the ground an offering unto the LORD.And Abel, he also brought of the firstlings of his flock and of the fat thereof. And the LORD had respect unto Abel and to his offering). Another sacrificial worship we find that Noah making sacrifice and God is pleased in it in GenesisRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Holy Bible 846 Words   |  4 Pagesthat these books teach us about God and some of them are going to be discussed here below. The book of Joshua starts with the appointment of Joshua as the new leader of the people of God. He is given the order to cross the river of Jordan with the Israelites and to go live in the Promised Land. In this book, something that is very remarkable is how the Jews were able to defeat the city of Jericho without using any weapon. What it took was only to march around its walls blowing the trumpets; this onlyRead MoreThe Land Of The Jordan River1686 Words   |  7 Pagesgood. If the Lord is pleased with us he will lead us into that land and give it to us. Only do not rebel against the Lord. And do not be afraid of the people of the land. But the Israelites had already forgotten God s promise and angrily threw stones at them. Consequently, that rebellious and sinful generation of Israelites found only death in the desert. Joshua and Caleb possessed a pure Spirit. They had courageously risked their lives in order to speak the Truth. They alone remembered how God hadRead MoreMy Ethnographic Fieldwork On Jewish Culture Essay1589 Words   |  7 Pagesspecial promise, also known as covenant, with their forefather Abraham to protect them and blessed them, as long as they follow the commands and laws of God, and faithfully worship him. Rebecca also explained to me that they considered themselves the â€Å"chosen people of God,† because out of all the people in the world the Israelites are chosen to receive all of God s blessings. She also explain to me that for a person to be Jewish they need to come from the lineage of Abraham., otherwise they are consideredRead MoreThe Book Of Amos By The Minor Prophet Amos1130 Words   |  5 Pageshistory highlights the nation’s ignorance, unfaithfulness and disregard of God’s authority; the nation had already blatantly ignored the forewarnings of other minor prophets beforehand. The first four chapters are a warning of judgment, which the Israelites knew was coming. The passage of Amos 5 is the climax of the text, and is the epitome of God’s intervention expressed as a passionate warning and emotive lamentation. Amos establishes that God will bring darkness over Israel if they do not repentRead MoreThe Reigns Of David, Hezekiah And Josiah1149 Words   |  5 PagesAfter many centuries of being under the rule of judges, the Israelites finally ask Samuel to appoint a king, making Israel like most other nations being ruled as monarchies. This request leads to the appointing of the first king of Israel, Saul, followed by centuries of kings (1 Samuel 8-9). A large majority of these kings have been deemed to be â€Å"bad† kings, leaving only a small handful to be considered â€Å"good.† In general, these kings are given such labels for their actions and policies throughoutRead MoreThe Psalms Function As A Scho ol Of Prayer896 Words   |  4 Pagescenturies based their prayers and worship in those ancients words. In Eugene H. Peterson’s view, there is no other place where can be seen such a deeply and detailed form, of the human dimension in the Bible history as in the Psalms. The aim of this paper is to analyze how the Psalms should be used in the church today. For that, this study is divided into three parts: First, the Psalms and Prayer, where will be discussed how the book of Psalms function as a school of prayer. Second, Christians andRead MoreThe Israelites Still Family After Generations1506 Words   |  7 PagesThe Israelites—Still Family After Generations Since the 1600’s, Biblical writers, scholars, linguists and interpreters have concluded that the Bible was written by different people, with multiple revelations. The result is a compilation of stories that, in a written format, present the voice of God. The evidence for such a hypothesis is contained in the writing of Carr and Conway’s An Introduction to the Bible, as well as Richard Horsley’s In the Shadow of Empire. Both authors refer to source

The Corruption of Denmark in William Shakespeare’s Hamlet Free Essays

string(75) " her emotions and mind are damaged, she loses trust and faith in both men\." No nation is entirely free from corruption. Nevertheless, if corruption is strong enough, it can hinder the good governance and decay the fabric of society. It is an obstacle to sustainable development, and leaves little room for justice to prevail. We will write a custom essay sample on The Corruption of Denmark in William Shakespeare’s Hamlet or any similar topic only for you Order Now Throughout the play, Hamlet, by William Shakespeare, a corrupting disease plagues Denmark and the people within it.The incestuous marriage between Gertrude and Claudius, in addition to murdering King Hamlet, is the main example of deceit, corruption and evil. Throughout the play we can sketch a progression of this corruption, through disease, in the characters of Polonius, Claudius, Ophelia and Hamlet. This directly causes the downfall of the castle and Denmark. At the end of the play, the castle and the land are taken over by Fortinbras, the final even that signifies the fall of the nation. In Hamlet, Shakespeare depicts Claudius as the source of corruption in Denmark, which slowly spreads through Elsinore and leads to the downfall of Denmark.In the beginning of the play, the ghost of King Hamlet arrives to warn Prince Hamlet about the corruption in Elsinore. The ghost tells him that he was murdered by poison inserted into his ear by Claudius. Claudius is the first to fall sick with the disease of corruption. King Hamlet was a powerful ruler, who kept his nation strong, intact and clean. At the time of his rule Denmark could have been described as an â€Å"unweeded garden†(I. ii. 135), similar to the Garden of Eden. Claudius’ sin creates a dirty and contagious weed in this garden. This leads Marcellus to say that â€Å"there is something rotten in the state ofDenmark†(I. iv. 90). This statement refers directly to Claudius’ corruption, as he is the catalyst of the rot and death of the nation. His malevolent actions, which bring him to power, plague the people around him. The ghost tells Hamlet: â€Å"If thou didst ever thy dear father love— / †¦ [to] / Revenge his foul and most unnatural murder† (I. v. 23-25). The images of rotting and foulness in odor entering the castle symbolize the contagious property of sin. Furthermore, if a ghost appears, it indicates that something drastically bad or catastrophic has or will occur. This demonstrates how appalling Claudius’ actions are and the level power it has to corrupt everyone else in the castle. Prince Hamlet is portrayed by Shakespeare as a noble prince who is trying to fight the evil and corruption of the world. After the ghost’s visit, he knows his goal is to restore order in Elsinore. Unfortunately, this corruption affects him himself which causes him to go mentally insane and leads to his death. The first sign of this madness is when he contemplates suicide, which is sinful in Catholisism. To be, or not to be: that is the question:Whether ’tis nobler in the mind to suffer The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, Or to take arms against a sea of troubles, And by opposing end them? (III. i. 58-62) He hesitates whether it would be easier to die rather than to fight against the corruption and all his troubles. The murder of his father, the incestuous marriage of his mother and uncle, and Ophelia’s supposed rejection of him is just too much for him to endure. Hamlet has just come home from university in Wittenberg, where he was taught to think and use ideals and is now having difficulty living in a world that is so rotten.The power of Claudius’ deceitful deeds has the ability to slowly destroy a character as noble as Hamlet. He comes to the conclusion that no one would willingly bear the pains of his life if they were not afraid of what comes after it. It is this fear that causes Hamlet’s incapacity for action. The indecision to kill Claudius prolongs the growth of the madness in himself. His original intentions of the antic disposition are good but are soon corrupted by the Danish court. He is torn between the corruption in Denmark and his Noble self. Throughout the rest of the play, Prince Hamlet puts on an antic disposition.He pretends to go mad in order to throw off Claudius. However, Hamlet slowly starts to become truly insane as he acts foolishly without thinking of consequences, and often hurts the people he cares about. Polonius is one of the most corrupt characters of the play. However, we can see that his corruption is in his nature and not caused only by the murder of King Hamlet. In his speech to his son, Leartes (I. iii), he opposes the virtue of being close-mouthed and discrete. Polonius later instructs his servant Renyaldo to spy on Laetes in Paris. This is very hypocritical of him as he is doing exactly what he condemned earlier.He also meddles into the relationship of Ophelia and Hamlet, without taking into account their feelings, and is only willing to satisfy his own goals. He does not want to offend the king or make it seem like he is pushing his daughter to marry Hamlet. Hamlet views Ophelia as someone pure, cares deeply about her and does not take into consideration their difference in stature. Unfortunately, Polonius manages to corrupt their innocent relationship. After Polonius spies on Hamlet, to prove his insanity to the king, Hamlet suspects Ophelia of being involved in the spying and plotting that has been occurring.He tells her that â€Å"God has given [her] one face, and [she] make [herself] another†(III. i. 144-145). He tells her that she is an inconsistent and fickle person and thinks that she betrayed him. Hamlet’s mind is corrupted by the general evil in Elsinore. Ophelia represents the values of youth, purity and innocence that are corrupted, like Hamlet, by the Danish Court. Her downward spiral into madness begins after the nunnery scene(III. i). She is manipulated by her father and cruelly abused by Hamlet. Before the scene, Ophelia trusted Hamlet’s nobility and Polonius’ wisdom.However, at the end, after her emotions and mind are damaged, she loses trust and faith in both men. You read "The Corruption of Denmark in William Shakespeare’s Hamlet" in category "Papers" Ophelia tells her brother: â€Å"†I would give you some violets, but they withered all when my father died†(IV. iii. 180-1). As violets represent faith, she had given all of her faith to her father, and lost it when he died. She refuses to acknowledge the corruption in Elsinore and shields herself from it by childish chatter. Ophelia commits suicide by drowning herself. Suicide is an extremely sinful way to die, and is generally only done or contemplated if someone was truly mad.Ophelia’s spiral downfall that ends in death depicts how Elsinore has degenerated to the point that it can corrupt even the purest form of innocence. Horatio and Fortinbras are the only characters in the play that are not affected by the disease of corruption. Fortinbras does not get affected since he is not part of the Danish court or Denmark itself. Horatio is one of the most intelligent and brave characters of the play. He is a learned scholar at Wittenberg, who knows how to deal with situations in a reasonable and intelligent manner.When the ghost appears for the first time, he does not fear it like the other characters whom he described becoming â€Å"almost to Jelly with the act of fear†(I. ii. 205). He goes to report exactly what he saw to Hamlet directly. He is extremely loyal to Hamlet and remains honest and sincere during the entire play. He seems to be the only person who knows exactly what is happening and can accurately predict the future. He knows that the ghost will lead to Prince Hamlet’s suicide or madness and he tries to prevent Hamlet from meeting with him. Horatio does not have any strong or dependant relationships within Elsinore.He is a very solitary man, with little or no personal goals, making him immune to the disease of corruption. Although he dies at the end of the play, it is not because of the corruption of Elsinore, but because he offered to die alongside his friend. With the fall of every character in the Kronborg castle, the fall of Denmark is inevitable. After the fencing match during Leartes and Hamlet, every main character, besides Horatio and Fortinbras is presumed dead. Fortibras sees this as the perfect time to take control of the throne and says: â€Å"I have some rights of memory in this kingdom,/Which now to claim my vantage doth invite me†(V. i. 390-391). He, like Prince Hamlet was seeking to take revenge on behalf of his dead father. Conversely, he did not delay his actions and he knew exactly the right time to take what he desired. Since Fortinbras is originally associated with Norway, it is as if Denmark no longer exists as its own entity and can be considered the fall of the nation. Claudius, as the originator of the corruption in Denmark, is obviously the most evil, deceitful and corrupt character of the play. After murdering his wn brother to take power of the thrown, he marries Price Hamlet’s mother. This can be considered to be incestuous and morally reprehensible. Because of this union, Gertrude is now inevitably corrupt. She, like all other characters who have been affected, must die. In his speech announcing his marriage, he tries to show remorse of the death of King Hamlet by saying: â€Å"Though yet of Hamlet our dear brother’s death [†¦]To bear our hearts in grief and our whole kingdom/To be contracted in one brow and woe†(I. ii. 1-4).His true intention is not taking care of his kingdom or its people, but power and control, through the manipulation of others. Claudius is corrupt enough that he is willing to do anything to justify his place on the throne. Most of his actions in the play are to eliminate threats and secure his power. He repeatedly tries to kill Hamlet by, for example, sending him with Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to be killed, setting up a fixed fencing match, and poisoning his drink. All of these backfire and end up hurting him in some way. Claudius can clearly be seen as the originator of corruption of all the characters. Hamlet is corrupted mainly because of the murder of his father and marriage of his mother, which was committed by Claudius. Ophelia is corrupted due to Hamlet rejecting her and killing her father. However, since Hamlet’s mind suffers the corruption of Claudius’ crimes, Claudius can be named responsible for Ophelia’s fall. The murder of King Hamlet can effectively parallel the death of the state of Denmark by Claudius. In the begging of the play, the ghost of King Hamlet describes his death to his son.Upon my secure hour thy uncle stole With juice of cursed hebona in a vial, And in the porches of my ears did pour The leperous distilment . . . . . . doth posset And curd, like eager droppings into milk, the thin and wholesome blood. So did it mine. And a most instant tetter barked about, Most lazar-like, with vile and loathsome crust All my smooth body (I. v. 61-73) He describes his body dying and decaying using images such as curdy milk, poison, rotting and leprosy. These images can be, in the same way used to describe the fall of Denmark.King Hamlet has fallen, and his land must fall with him. Claudius is responsible for both the murder of his brother, and the murder of Denmark. It can be clearly seen that Claudius is the originator of the corruption in Denmark. His sinful deeds cause catastrophes in the Kronborg Castle, which result in the fall of every character and Denmark. His evil affects even the purest and noblest of characters such as Ophelia and Hamlet. Today’s society can learn a lot from Hamlet. Corruption has gone global; Scores of civilizations have perished due to greed and corruption.It seems it is ingrain in human nature to fall for the traps and deceit as depicted in Hamlet. There seems to be no remedy for corruption. In today’s global economy everyone wants to go ahead at the cost of someone else’ perish and would not stop at anything to achieve their goals. As seen by Horatio, education and reason is the only remedy by which one can be made to understand the consequences of suffering of society due to corruption and malice.Works Cited Shakespeare, William. Hamlet. Cambridge: Cambridge School Shakespeare, 2007. How to cite The Corruption of Denmark in William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, Papers

16th century Renaissance Essay Example For Students

16th century Renaissance Essay Century Renaissance Art The 16th Century renaissance started in the sasss and ended in the sasss. The art of the 16th Century Renaissance was both spiritual and worldly. The 16th Century Renaissance is when two very important art movements took place, High Renaissance and Mannerism. Everyone was starting to take an interest in the classical learning and values of ancient Greece and Rome. (The History Channel Website) They were many artist geniuses who emerged out of this art era. There were also many, grand art pieces that emerged out of this art era. At the beginning of the 16th century the High Renaissance had started. This was also the time when Rome replaced Florence as an art epicenter. The High Renaissance is also when artist become aware of lines and depth in their artwork. This led to the discovery and the use of the one point perspective. The High Renaissance artists became famous for putting windows of what is behind the horizon in the background of their artworks. The High Renaissance represented artists who wanted to do art their own way. The high Renaissance started in 1480 and continued on to about 1527. The high Renaissance as in Milan, Florence, Rome, and in northern and central Italy. (Shelley Essay) This was the time to be an artist because everyone who was wealthy wanted art. Their many artist of this time frame, but the most famous artists are Michelangelo Bonaparte, Raphael Sansei and Leonardo ad Vinci. (Art Cyclopedia) After the High Renaissance ended the Mannerism movement came about. It came about in the sasss and ended around the sasss. Mannerism was known for its formulaic, theatrical and overly stylized work. Mannerism art pieces are usually pieces of human forms in unrealistic settings. Mannerism is also known for its much limitation. This is also the time that women start being used as muses for artists. (Art Cyclopedia) It developed in Florence and Rome and then spread to northern and central Europe. Paintings contained artificial color and unrealistic spatial proportions. Figures were often elongated and exaggerated, the poses were creative and complex poses. Works of the movement are often unsettling and strange because of the Reformation, the plague, and the sack of Rome. The History Channel Website) There were a lot of important artist who emerged from this period, but the most famous artist would be Leonardo Ad Vinci. Leonardo De Vinci was born in 1452, in Florence and died in 1519 in France. He was an artist and inventor. He is known as the Renaissance Man because he was an inventor, scientist, sculptor, and a great artist. Ad Vinci had many famous works. One of his most famous w orks is the Last Supper (1495-98). The last supper is a painting of the last meal Jesus shared with his apostles. It also shows Jesus isolated, four groups of threes and Judas in the shadows clutching money. The History Channel Website) Another famous piece by Ad Vinci as the Mona Lisa(1 503-05), which is a painting of a woman. This painting would be an example of Mannerism art. Ad Vinci was also famous for the The Virgin of the Rocks (1485). Some other great artists were Michelangelo Bonaparte (1475-1564), and Raphael Sansei(1483-1 520). Michelangelo was famous for painting the Sistine Chapel ((1508-12) and sculpting the David in his native Florence (1501-04). Raphael Sansei was famous for the The School of Athens (1508-11). The School of Athens shows philosophers such as Pluto coming together. Another great artist of 16th Century was Titan Meeting of Bacchus and Ordained (1 522), he was famous for using rich luminous colors. (The History Channel Website) One of the most important art pieces of the 16th Century Renaissance was the Sistine Chapel (1508-04) architecture. The Sistine Chapel took a period of four years to paint. It was painted by Michelangelo Bonaparte. The Sistine Chapel is a painting of a few scenes of Genesis, from the bible. One of the scenes was the Creation of Adam. (The History Channel Website) Michelangelo painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel for the Pope Sixths V. .u754c67596ebee0908d2dc0d4e7d11f9f , .u754c67596ebee0908d2dc0d4e7d11f9f .postImageUrl , .u754c67596ebee0908d2dc0d4e7d11f9f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u754c67596ebee0908d2dc0d4e7d11f9f , .u754c67596ebee0908d2dc0d4e7d11f9f:hover , .u754c67596ebee0908d2dc0d4e7d11f9f:visited , .u754c67596ebee0908d2dc0d4e7d11f9f:active { border:0!important; } .u754c67596ebee0908d2dc0d4e7d11f9f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u754c67596ebee0908d2dc0d4e7d11f9f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u754c67596ebee0908d2dc0d4e7d11f9f:active , .u754c67596ebee0908d2dc0d4e7d11f9f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u754c67596ebee0908d2dc0d4e7d11f9f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u754c67596ebee0908d2dc0d4e7d11f9f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u754c67596ebee0908d2dc0d4e7d11f9f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u754c67596ebee0908d2dc0d4e7d11f9f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u754c67596ebee0908d2dc0d4e7d11f9f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u754c67596ebee0908d2dc0d4e7d11f9f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u754c67596ebee0908d2dc0d4e7d11f9f .u754c67596ebee0908d2dc0d4e7d11f9f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u754c67596ebee0908d2dc0d4e7d11f9f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Medicine through time- Medieval and renaissance surgery anatomy.Also, along with ceilings of the Sistine Chapel, the side walls are festooned with frescoes of Moses and Christ and portraits of popes. (The New World Encyclopedia) Another important art piece or architecture of the 16th Century Renaissance was the SST. Peter Cathedral in Rome. The old SST. Peter Cathedral was constructed in honor of the apostle SST. Peter, the first bishop and first Pope. The original was constructed by Constantine. The SST. Peter Cathedral in Rome was to be renovated, ordered by Pope Julius II. During its renovation it was directed more towards a Latin style but, then